Fuel metering control for internal combustion engines



Jan. 3, 1933.

A. MOORE a FUEL METERING CONTROL FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed July 18. 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 BY W, Mdln TOR ones.

amd/4W, ATTORNEYS A. MOORE Jan. 3, 1933.

FUEL METERING CONTROL FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 2 Sheets-Sheet 2A Filed July 18, 1928 INVENTOR QL//VQTO/V MOORE 0346, naar M ww ATTORNEY/S Patented Jam 3, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ARLINGTON IOOEE,v Of NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOB, BY rHESNE ASSIGNMENTS, T IAXIOOB CORPORATION, Ol' NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE run.' 1ra-mme coN'rno'L ron INTERNAL comaUs'rIoN ENGINES Y Application led July' 18,

My invention relates to a pressure differential fuel-metering ap aratus for internal combustion engines, an particularly transportation engines subject to a wide momentary variations in power and speed. The invention has for its object the provision of a simple and eiiicient apparatus for utilizing the drop of pressure below atmospheric in the engine intake to meter the fuel in accordance with the engine requirements.

Another Objectis to provide means for mixing this fuel with suitable quantities of air to supply charge material for eiiicient engine operation throughout the power and speed ranges of engine operation. Still a further 0b]ect -is the utilizing of said pressure drop and air velocity past the fuel jet Y for lifting fluid from a supply level located below the fuel jet. Other objects will be plain from the followin descri tion.

The invention will be st un erstood from the following description of the form of apparatus illustrating its principle, that is shown in the accompanying drawings.

In said drawings:

Fig. 1 is avertical cross-sectional view;

' Fig. 2 is a view similarto Fig. 1 showing a modification; and

Fig. 3 is a detail view showing the throttle operating mechanism.

Reference character designates a chambered casing or shell adapted to be secured at 12 to the intake manifold or intake manifold riser of the engine, and to supply charge mixture thereto through the passage 13.

Air is admitted to the chambered interior of shell 10 by two air. inlet passages 14 and 16. These are separated, as by means of a partition 18. Air inlet passage 14 is for primary air, and all the air admitted therethrough passes through the Venturi passage in the preferably elongated primary Veny turi member :22. At its exit end 24 Venturi member 22 is encircled by the entrance end of the secondary Venturi member 26. All the air admitted through the secondary air inlet 16 passes around the primary Venturi member 22, into the Venturi member 26 through the annular orifice 28 between the,

two Venturi members, through the Venturi 1928. Serial N0. 293,703.

passage 3() in the secondary Venturi member 26 and out at 13 to the engine cylinders.

Provision is made for opening upt-hc primary air inlet 14 first, andthereaf-ter, as more air is required, opening up the secondary air inlet 16. In the form shown, the usual throttle rod 32 (Fig. 3) provided Vfor the automobile engine, for example, operates a butter'iy valve 34, in the primary air .passagel4 and also, by means of a lost motion connecting link 36, operates the later opening .buttertiy valve 38 controlling the secondary air passage 16. These valves may be closed by any suitable means, as for example,-be separate closing springs 34 and 38. In-addition to the butterfly gate valve 38 and outside there of, as at the mouth 40 of passage 16, (Fig. 2) I may provide a spring opposed air inlet valve 42. 1 Y

The fuel supply nozzle 44 islocated at the region of the throat of enturigpassage 20 in the primary Venturi member .22. .Fuel is supplied at 46 from anyfsuitable source,

` which may be located below nozzlel44, as long as the fuel lifting capacity of thevrapparatus is not exceeded.

The extent of opening of nozzle 44-is regulated by a modulating valve pin 48, and rovision is made for operating said valve 48 1n response to variations in the pressuredifference between the engine intake passage Y and the outside atmosphere. 1 f

In the form shown, the mterior of a pressure responsive bellows member 50jc'ommun1- cates through channel 152 with the passage 13 leading to the intake manifold at a point exteriorly of the venturis, and thevbellows 50 operates a lever 54 by means of stem 56; and lever 54, pivoted at 58to theadjustable arm 60, actuates the fuel modulating pin 48. Pivotal connections are 4preferably made by slots 61, 61a in lever 54 tofacilitate adjustments. v

Contracting movement. of bellows 50 1esponsive to pressure reduction '1n-passage 1.3 moves valve 48 toward its closing (position. Such movement is opposed by the a justable tension spring 62 encircling stem 56 and 1nterposed between the closure 64 for the casing 65 enclosing tbe'bellows 50, 4and the ad- 106 justable screw collar 66 on stem 56.` The closure 64 has an opening 64l therein for admitting air to the interior of the casing 65. Stem 56 is guided and bellows 50 kept strai ht by a guide bushing 68 adjustably threaded in an opening int e closure 64, and constituting an adjustable-stop for limiting the expanding movement of the bellows 50 and retainin the same under initial tension.

As t e pressure in bellows 50 rises the bellows (shown contractedat Fig. 1) expands and valve 48 is opened by this movement, which is assisted by the spring 62.

The contracting movement of the bellows is limited by the adjustable stop 70 threaded at 72 into .t e cas' 10, and'locked in position by a nut 74. the bellows contracts, the lever 54 engages stop 70. The leverage of the lever 54 is controlled by adjustment of `the arm 60 which is pivoted at' 7 6 to a dependin portion of the closure The arm 60 be ow pivot 76 is provided with van arcuate slot 78 receiving the screw 80. When the screw is loosened, the arm 60 may be about its pivot 76 to adjusted position and secured by thescrew 80. In order to ad- Y justably vary the'extent of movement of the pin 48 upon operation of the bellows, the pivotal connection between the stem 56 and 3 lever 54 includes a member 82 threaded on theend of the stem 5 6 and-carwring a pivot pin 84 riding in the slot 61. en the pivot pin 84 and lever 54 are disconnected from the member 82, the latter is adjusted through one or more 180' turns and the parts reconnected thereto. The an arity of the lever 54 is thus adjusted whic Ycontrols the extent of movement of the pin 48 for a given movement of the bellows.

- In operation, for small loads requiring charge ow substantially below the total pis-` ton displacement capacity, the primary air valve 34 only is open and all the air going to the engine passes through the primary Venturi passage .20. The pressure drop in the intake below atmospheric' is considerable and the quantity of fuel is kept down to the small amount v uired by contraction of bellows 5) alud ting moviient of ylalve 48 owar c osing position.' more c arge is required, the secondary air valve 38 is opened to a suitable extent, producing lessened pressure in the intake with consequent expansion o bellows 50 and opening u of the fuel Upon the opening o the air th member there is a reduction in the influence of intake depresion generally upon fuel lifting capacity at the jet 44, but

this is compensated Aby the subjection of the C0 jet to a double YVenturi eiect due Y to. veloci euery ofthe incoming air t In this wa fuel can both Venturi be liftedto a'substial height out the. full range of Aengine operation.`

es Y The pressure responsive' element 50' has an inherent'resiliency which is less than that required to oppose variation in intake depression throughoutthe range thereof, and the same is therefore supplemented by a spring means 62 of a strength to oppose contracting movement of the bellows to the limited extent determined by the position of the stops 68 and 70, the stop 70 reventing contraction of the bellows beyond its intake liiii- Ythe stops 68 and 70.

It will be noted that, when the engine is stopped, the fuel nozzle is left wide'open so that ample fuel is available for starting.

Amon the features of advantage obtained are simp 'city of construction, enabhng expensive and troublesome idling and compensating jets and the like to be dispensed with and yet metering the fuel accurately for requirements by means of the modulating pin operated bypressure drop and in substantially inverse relation thereto; there being no separate idling fuel passage the engine can be operated at highspeed with the air throttle closed with the fuel practically exitirely shut of automatically by the fuel valve due to its movement toward closin position under the influence of the high intake depression; there is no loading up of fuel on the intake passage walls'at periods of en- E'ne deceleration; -and the fuel is .self-regutingufor richness at all loads and speeds.

Th el jet discharges-especially at low engine loads, into a region of low ressure which aids materially in securing a t orough atomizing of the fuel and especially of the heavier ends thereof, and'numerous other -features of advantage are secured.

The scope of my invention is defined by my claims, by which I intend to include a that is new in the above disclosure.

I claim; v

1. In charge mixi apparatus for transportation vinternal com ustion engines, an air conduit, a primary venturi therein, a secon dary. venturi therein receiving the end of said primary venturi, a fuel nozzle'disposed within said primary venturi, said nozz e besubject'to the fuel lifting leffects' due to air flow thro lets to said venturis, throttles controlling-aid ugh the venturi, separate air inair inlets, a lost motion connection betvizeenj the thmttles for opening the air inlet. to the primary venturi andthe to thesec- I fuel inlet in su from, an adjustablebearing receiving ondary venturi in succession and means for varying the fuel passage area.

2. In charge mixing a paratus for transportation internal combustion engines, a two part air inlet, the parts whereof are adapted for opening u in succession, tandem Venturi tpassage mem 'rs in communication with sai air passages respectively, fuel inlet means in the one vof the venturi members whose air inlet opens irst, and means responsive to pressure drop in the intake assage for varyingsie extent of opening o the ntially inverse relation to the amount of said pressure drop.

3. In fuel supplying and metering appaia tus for internal com ustion engines, an air conduit adapted to communicate with the engine, a throttle therein, a venturi in said conuit, a fuel nozzle having the tip thereof disposed within said venturi above the level of the fuel supply, and adapted Ato be subjected at said tip to a reduction of pressure for eecting the elevation of fuel under atmosEheric pressure and the delivery thereof to t e air passing throu h said venturi, a modulatin valve contro 'ng the extent of opening o the fuel nozzle, an expansiblecontractible element having one side'thereof expod to the intake pressure beyond said throttle, and the other side thereof exposed to atmospheric pressure, and a connection between said expansible-contractible element and said valve for varying the extent of opening of said nozzle in substantially inverse relation to the variations in intake de pression.

4. In a charge mixing apparatus for transportation internal combustion engines, a

venturi, afuel inlet therein,a valved air inturitothe ecylinders, means'res nsive to pressure p in said conduit be ow at mospheric for metering fuel supplied to the fuel inlet, and lost motion manually actuable means for first opening the air valve to the first venturi and then the air valves to both irein'tuiiis'i i i 5. a e supp ying apparatus for internal combustion engines, a fuel nozzle, a valve slidable therein, an expansible-contractible element, a stem extending there sai stein and constituting a stop for limiting the movement of said elementin one direction, and a movable connection betweenl said stem and said valve. A 6. In fuel supplying apparatus for internal combustion engines, a fuel nozzle, a valve slidable therein, an expansible-contractible element, a stem extending therefrom, an adjustable for guid' said stem and constitutmga stop for limiting the expandresiliency of said element, and a connection between said stem and said valve.-

7. In a fuelsupplying apparatus for internal combustion engines, a fuel nozzle, a valve slidable therein, an expansible-contractible element parallel with said valve, a-

stem extending from said element, an adjustable bearing for guiding said valve, and constituting a stop for limiting the expanding movement of said element, and retaining the same under initial tension, an abutment adjustable axially of said stem, a spring interposed between said abutment and said bearing, a pivoted support, means for locking the same in adjusted position, a member pivot- `ally connected at one end to said support and having a pivotal slotted 'connection with said stem and said valve; certain of said connections being adjustable to control the relative movements of said stemand said valve, and

adjustable means engageable with said last named member forlimiting the contracting .movement of said element.

8. In a charge `mixing apparatus for transportation internal combustion engines, an air conduit, a\primary venturi therein, a 'secondary venturi therein receiving the 'end of the primary venturi, said venturis having sedparate air inlets thereto, manually operate valves for controllin the air inlets and lthe engine operation, a uel nozzle disposed within said primary venturi subject to the variations in intake depression in said conduit and in air flow through said venturi varying in inverse relation to each other as the air inlet openin Y for controlling the i stantiall tions in intake depression.

9.A In charge mixing apparatus for internal combustion engines, an air conduit, a primary venturi therein, a secondary venturi therein receiving the end of the primary venturi, a fuel nozzle disposed within said primar venturi, said venturis having separate uel passage area sub- Aair inlets thereto, throttles controlling said air inlets and-rendering said fuel nozzle subject to intake depression in said conduit at the inner side of the tlirottles Aand to air flow through said venturis varying in inverse relation to each other asthe throttles move,

is varied, and meansV in inverse relation to the variaiis a connection between the throttle's foropening the air inlet to the primary venturi and the air inlet to the secondary venturi in succession, and means for varying the fuel flow in inverse relation to the intake depression.

10. In 4Aa fuel supplying and metering ap I paratus for internal combustion engines, an air conduit, means for controlling the air supply throughthe conduit, Venturi means 6 means having a disped within the conduit beyond said air controlling means and traversed by the air passing the controllingmeans, a fuel'supply nozzle associated with said Venturi means, 5 subject to the intake depression in said eon= duit be ond said air controlling means and to air ow throu h the Venturi means varying in inverse re ation to each other as the air controlling means is moved, and means for controlling the fuel flow to cause variation thereof in a direction to oppose the inductive eiects of intake depression.

11. In a fuel supplyin andmetering. apparatus for internal com ustion engines, an

to`air ow through the Venturi means varying in inverse relation to each other as the air controlling means is moved, and. ressure responsive means communicating with said conduit beyond said air controlling means and exteriorly of said Venturi means for varying the fuel'ilow in substantially inverse relation to the variations in intake depression.

v 1 2. In a fuel sup lyiny and metering apparatus for internafcom ustion engines, an air conduit, a fuel jet in saidconduit extending axially thereof, air controlling means in said conduit at the atmospheric side of said fuel jet serving to maintain in certain of the `positions thereof a reduction in pressure in said conduit about said fuel jet; said reduction in ressure serving to efect delivery of fuel rough said jet from a fuel supplying means, a venturi disposed in said conduit and receiving said fuel jet for maintaining a reduction in pressure about said fuel jet as said air controllin means opens; said venturi being traversed y the air passing said air controlling means and becoming more eective as the pressure reduction due to said air controlling means decreases, and pssage independent of the passage in said el )et in communication with'said conduit at the inner side of said air controlling means and responding to the variations in pressure reduction in said conduit for automatically controlling the extent of opening of said fuel jet in inverse relation to the variations in pressure reduction occurrin as the air controlling means is varied., an for effecting a balance between the extent of opening of said fuel jet and the reduction in pressure about the same, where- -by to deliver fuel proportionately to the air delivered. Q

13. In apparatus for supplying and mixing charges for internal combustion engines,

resiliency o air conduit, means for controlling the air take, a. valve for contro pressure responsive means for controlling the fuel passage area, stop means for'limiting the movement of said pressure 've' means in both directions and determining the minimum and maximum fuel passage openings, and spring means supplementing the said pressure responsive means for opposing movement of said pressure `re spqnsive means as the pressure differential inireaies' f l 4'il imml ng 4. napparatus or supp yi an charges for internal combustnin en es,

means for supplying fuel thereto, an e astic element operated by variations in` pressure differential for .controlling the fuel passagey opening, sto means ada tedv to limit the movement o said elastic e ement in bothdirections and retain the same within its elastic limits, said stop means determining theminimum and maximum fuel passage openings, and a separate springsupplementing the inherent resiliency of said elastic element and o posing movement thereof as the pressure 'erential increases.

15. .Inapparatus for supplying and mixing charges for internal combustion engines, an intake, a fuel nozzle extending into the intake, a valve for controlling the flow of fuel therethrough, an expansible-contractible element including sp means responsive to variations in preuredgiifer'ential, a. sto at one' end of said element, a stem exten 'ng from vsaid end through said ysto an arm pivoted at one end to said) bracket and pivotallyconnected to saidl stein and said a bracket, l

valve, a stop for limiting the contraction of f opposing said' contraction.

said element, and a supplementing spring for 16. lIn ap aratus for supplying and mix-A ment responsive to pressure variations and the conincluding spring means for opposi om said traction thereof, a stem extending element, a pivoted bracket adjustably securable in various positions about. the pivot thereof, and an arm pivot'ed at one end to saidbracket and ivotally connected to said stel? and vsaid va ve.f y vl d '1 In apparatus or supp yi an mixing charges for internal combuslzlim engines, an intake, means for su plying fuel to the ing said fuel supply means, a bellows responsive to rsure variations,a stop at one end of sai bellows for limiting'the expansion'thereof, a stein on said bellows extending through said stop, abracket, an ari'n` ivoted at one end to said bracket and pivo y connected to said stem and said valve, lan abutment axiallyadjustable upon said stem, a spring interposedbetween abutment and said stop, and a stop for limiting the contraction of said bellows.

18. In apparatus for supplying and mixing charges for internal combustion engines, an intake, a throttle therein, means for supplying fuel to the intake, a valve for controlling said fuel supplying means, a bellows com; municating at one end with said intake beyond said throttle, an adjustable bushing at the opposite end of the bellows for limiting the expanding movement thereof, a stem connected-to the latter end of said bellows and passing through said bushing, :L connection between said stem and said valve, a stop for limiting the contraction of said bellows, and a spring for opposing said contraction. l 19. ln apparatus for supplying and mixing charges for internal combustion engines, an intake conduit, means for controlling the passage of air through said conduit, means. for conveying fuel to said conduit, a valve controlling the extent of opening of the 'fuel conveying means, an elastic element for actuating said valve in response to intake pressure variations constrained against movement in opposite directions beyond 1ts elastic l1m1ts,

and spring means supplementing the inherent resiliency of the element and serving to render the same sensitive in responding to variations in intake depression approximately throuvhout/ the range thereof.

20. n apparatus for supplying and mix-v ing charges for internal combustion engines, an intake conduit, an air throttle thereln, a fuel nozzle beyond the air throttle, a fuel valve, means for loperating the fuel valve comprising an elastic air bellows subjected to the differential between atmospheric and in-v take pressures, means for limiting the bellows movement within its elastic v limits, and spring means for Y opposing bellows movement due to said pressure differential, whereby to render the bellows responsivewithin the limits of movement thereof to ressure differences that in the absence of sai spring means would cause the bellows to exceed its elastic limits.

21. In an internal combustion en ine, an intake, a throttle therein, a venturi isposed in said intake at the engine side of the throttle, a fuel line terminating in said venturi, and subject to air flow therein and to the reduced Vstatic pressure at the engine side of the throttle and pressure responsive means in communication with the intake beyond said throttle and Vexteriorly vof the venturi for varying the iow of fuel in direct relation to the variation in statical pressure in the intake, said pressure responsive means including spring means having a resistance sufficient to oppose the statical pressure substantially over the range thereof Aresulting from throttle movement.

22. In a charge mixing apparatus for internal combustion engines, an intake, Ven- ,at the engine side of the air controlling means,

and means for 'counteracting the effects of the static pressure reduction in the intake on-fuel Aflow, said means utilizing the static pressure reductionresulting from variations in the openings of the air controlling means to counteract the direct effects thereof on fuel flow to the exclusion of anyl counteracting effect by the Venturi pressure reduction, whereby to render the pressure reduction due to air flow solely effective in causing fuel flow directly therewith.

23. In a charge mixing apparatus for internal combustion engines, an air conduit, means for controlling the air supply through the conduit, Venturi means disposed within the conduit at the engine side of said air controlling means and traversed b y the air passing the controlling means, a fuel supply nozzle associated with said Venturi means, said nozzle being subject to pressure reduction due to air iow through the Venturi means and to the static pressure reduction at the engine sideofthe air controlling means, and means for rendering the static pressure reduction at the engine side of the air controlling means and as the same-varies with opening of the air controlling means eifective in counteracting.' the direct effects thereof on fuel flow, said means communicating with the air conduit at a point exteriorly of said Venturi means.

24. In av charge mixing apparatus for internal combustion engines, an air conduit, a venturi therein, a smaller venturi received into said first venturi and vterminating contiguous tothe constriction thereof, said conduit having separate entrance passages .to said venturis, means in'said conduit at the Venturi entrance side for controlling vthe paslno sage of air, a fuel nozzle having the discharge ternal combuston engines, an air conduit, a

venturitherein, asmaller venturi received into said firstventuri and terminating con- Y tiguous to the constriction thereof, said con-l duit having separate entrance passagesto sad venturis, means in said conduit at the Venturi entrance side for controlling the passage of air, a fuel nozzle havingthe' discharge end thereof located in the second i'rentuxfiv con"- tiguous to thel constriction thereof, and means for controlling the fuel flow to compensate for variations in the static pressure'-reduc- 64 -l n Lacan? tion in the air conduit at the engine side of the air controlling means.

26. In a charge mixing apparatus for internal combustion engines, an air conduit, a venturi therein, a smaller venturi extending into the first venturi, said conduit having separate entrance Apassages to said venturis, `means in said conduit -atthe Venturi en-` trance side for controllin the passage ofair, a fuel nozzle having t e discharge end thereof loca-ted in the second venturi and subject to pressure reduction due to air flow through the venturis, and means for rendering the static pressure reductionl at the eni gine side of the air controlling means effective in counteracting the direct effects thereof on fuel flow.

27. In a charge mixing apparatus for internal combustion engines, an air conduit, a venturi therein, `a smaller venturi extending into the irstvventuri, said conduit having separate entrance passages to said venturis, means in said conduit at the Venturi entrance side for controlling the passage of air, a

y fuel noz'zle having the discharge end thereof located in thesecond venturi and subject to pressure reduction due to air flow thro h the venturis, and means for rendering e static pressure reduction at the engine side of the air controlling means effective in counteracting the direct ee'cts thereof on fuel flow,

said last named means communicating with l the air conduit at apoint exteriorly of the venturis.

v In testimony whereof, I have signed my name hereto.`

ARLINGTON MOORE. 

